Civil Disputes

Civil rights and obligations involving injunctions, declarations, contracts, possession, tenancy and recovery. The entries below are general information, not a prediction of outcome.

Matter & remedy matrix

7 common matters

7 matters
Temporary / permanent injunctionPossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Interim protection and final preventive relief where legal requirements are met.

Likely forum

Civil Court

Documents commonly relevant

Documents proving right, interference/threat evidence, correspondence

Timing / first actions

Preserve relevant notices, agreements, photographs and possession evidence; obtain prompt advice before the threatened act occurs and assess whether interim court protection is justified.

Declaration and possessionPossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Declaration of legal status/right with possession or consequential relief where required.

Likely forum

Civil Court

Documents commonly relevant

Title/contract/status documents, possession evidence

Timing / first actions

Record when the right was denied or possession changed, collect title and possession records, and obtain an early limitation and forum assessment.

Specific performance disputePossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Specific performance, substituted performance, rescission, refund or damages as maintainable.

Likely forum

Civil / Commercial Court depending on dispute

Documents commonly relevant

Contract, payment proofs, readiness/willingness evidence, notices

Timing / first actions

Preserve the signed agreement, payment proof and communications; document readiness to perform and obtain an immediate limitation review before sending or responding to notice.

Contract disputePossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Enforcement, damages, injunction, termination/rescission or arbitration depending on contract.

Likely forum

Civil/Commercial Court or arbitral forum

Documents commonly relevant

Contract, amendments, invoices, correspondence, notices

Timing / first actions

Secure the contract, amendments, invoices and correspondence; identify notice, cure, arbitration and limitation clauses before taking formal action.

Landlord–tenant disputePossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Eviction/possession, arrears, injunction, deposit/rent-related remedies under applicable law.

Likely forum

Competent rent/civil forum

Documents commonly relevant

Lease, rent receipts, notices, property records

Timing / first actions

Preserve the lease, payment record and notices; document the possession or default issue and check the correct statutory forum before issuing notice or changing possession.

Money recoveryPossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Demand, summary/ordinary/commercial recovery, arbitration or settlement depending on documents and transaction.

Likely forum

Civil/Commercial Court or arbitral forum

Documents commonly relevant

Invoices, acknowledgments, bank records, contract, communications

Timing / first actions

Compile invoices, bank records, acknowledgments and the last payment date; calculate limitation and send any legally appropriate demand before time expires.

Civil appeal / review / revisionPossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Appeal, review or revision where statute/procedure permits and grounds exist.

Likely forum

Appellate/revisional court

Documents commonly relevant

Impugned order/decree, pleadings, evidence, certified copies

Timing / first actions

Obtain the signed order, judgment and case file immediately; record the date of pronouncement and receipt, then confirm the correct remedy and filing deadline without delay.

Important: The correct remedy can change with ownership, personal law, limitation, jurisdiction, procedural stage and available evidence. Some matters may involve more than one forum.