Property & Real Estate

Property ownership, transfer, possession, partition, registration and real-estate disputes. The entries below are general information, not a prediction of outcome.

Matter & remedy matrix

12 common matters

12 matters
Property title disputePossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Declaration of title/right; injunction; possession or consequential relief where appropriate.

Likely forum

Civil Court / other competent forum

Documents commonly relevant

Title deeds, EC, revenue/municipal records, prior conveyances

Timing / first actions

Secure the title chain, current encumbrance and possession records; document the threatened transfer or interference and seek prompt advice on interim protection.

Partition and share disputePossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Partition and separate possession; declaration of share; interim injunction against alienation where justified.

Likely forum

Civil Court

Documents commonly relevant

Title deeds, family tree, succession records, revenue records

Timing / first actions

Collect title, genealogy and prior partition records; check the current encumbrance position, identify all co-owners and seek advice before any proposed transfer creates third-party rights.

Ancestral / joint-family property disputePossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Partition; declaration of share; challenge to alienation where legally sustainable; injunction.

Likely forum

Civil Court

Documents commonly relevant

Genealogy, title chain, partition records, mutation/revenue entries

Timing / first actions

Map the family tree and title history, obtain partition and revenue records, and document any threatened transfer or exclusion from possession before choosing relief.

Self-acquired property disputePossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Declaration; injunction; possession/eviction depending on ownership and occupant rights.

Likely forum

Civil Court / statutory forum as applicable

Documents commonly relevant

Purchase deed, source/title records, possession evidence

Timing / first actions

Preserve the acquisition deed, title chain and possession evidence; document the threatened act and obtain prompt advice before transfer, construction or dispossession occurs.

Threatened sale / alienationPossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Temporary injunction/status quo; declaration/partition or challenge to transaction where appropriate.

Likely forum

Civil Court

Documents commonly relevant

Title deeds, EC, notices, evidence of proposed sale/registration

Timing / first actions

Obtain current title and encumbrance records, preserve evidence of the proposed transaction and seek urgent advice on notice and interim court protection before registration.

Illegal possession / dispossessionPossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Recovery of possession; injunction; mesne profits/damages where maintainable.

Likely forum

Civil Court

Documents commonly relevant

Title/possession records, photos, notices, police records if any

Timing / first actions

Record the date and circumstances, preserve photographs, witnesses and possession documents, avoid self-help or confrontation, and seek prompt advice on police and civil remedies.

Property fraud / forged documentsPossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Cancellation/declaration concerning instrument; injunction; criminal complaint where ingredients exist.

Likely forum

Civil Court + Police/Criminal Court where applicable

Documents commonly relevant

Original deeds, certified copies, signatures, EC, registration records

Timing / first actions

Secure originals and certified registration records, obtain the current encumbrance certificate, do not alter suspected documents and seek prompt advice before further transfer or encumbrance.

Encroachment / boundary disputePossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Survey/demarcation; injunction; possession/mandatory relief where appropriate.

Likely forum

Civil Court / Survey-Revenue authority depending on issue

Documents commonly relevant

Survey sketch, title deed, phodi/map, photos, revenue records

Timing / first actions

Photograph the current boundary and work, obtain the title deed and survey records, request lawful survey or demarcation where appropriate and seek prompt protection if construction continues.

Sale deed / gift deed / release deed disputePossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Cancellation, declaration, rectification, specific performance or other consequential relief depending on facts.

Likely forum

Civil Court

Documents commonly relevant

Instrument, prior agreements, consideration/payment evidence, registration records

Timing / first actions

Obtain the instrument and certified registration copy, record when the disputed facts became known, preserve payment and execution evidence and obtain an immediate limitation review.

Title and document verificationPossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Title-chain review, encumbrance/revenue/municipal checks, risk identification before transaction.

Likely forum

Advisory / registration and revenue records

Documents commonly relevant

Parent deeds, EC, khata/revenue records, approvals, tax receipts

Timing / first actions

Before paying or signing, obtain the complete title chain, encumbrance, revenue or municipal, approval and litigation records and have discrepancies resolved in writing.

Builder / RERA disputePossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

RERA complaint; possession/refund/interest/compensation remedies as applicable; other maintainable consumer/civil remedies.

Likely forum

Karnataka RERA / competent forum

Documents commonly relevant

Agreement for sale, payment proofs, project communications, RERA details

Timing / first actions

Secure the agreement, payment schedule, project registration and communications; document promised and actual milestones and check the appropriate RERA or other forum before deadlines expire.

Property registration disputePossible remedies & information
Possible remedies

Registration objections/remedies, declaration/cancellation or challenge to fraudulent/invalid transaction as facts require.

Likely forum

Registration authority / Civil Court / other competent forum

Documents commonly relevant

Instrument, registration endorsement, EC, identity/title records

Timing / first actions

If registration is pending, preserve the presented instrument and objections and approach the competent registration authority promptly; if completed, obtain a certified copy and encumbrance record for urgent review.

Important: The correct remedy can change with ownership, personal law, limitation, jurisdiction, procedural stage and available evidence. Some matters may involve more than one forum.